ε=Δhh0×100epsilon equals the fraction with numerator delta h and denominator h sub 0 end-fraction cross 100 is the change in specimen height upon wetting, and
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The update improved the clarity of the procedures regarding loading sequences and specialized applications for both swelling and collapsing soils, enhancing the precision of laboratory testing for the geotechnical industry. astm d454621 pdf
Intact (undisturbed) or compacted soil samples are trimmed carefully into the specimen ring to minimize disturbance. Initial mass, height, and moisture content are recorded.
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The results are used to calculate the percentage of swell or collapse:
Undisturbed intact samples, or laboratory-compacted cohesive soils. ): Tracking how the ratio of voids to
A small trimmings sample is used to determine the initial moisture content, specific gravity, and initial void ratio.
): Tracking how the ratio of voids to solid particles changes throughout the wetting and loading phases. How to Obtain and Use the ASTM D4546-21 PDF